墨西哥 1988 瓜纳托历史名城及周围矿藏

墨西哥 1988 瓜纳托历史名城及周围矿藏

瓜纳托历史名城及周围矿藏是由西班牙人在十六世纪初期建造的，到了十八世纪时它成已为世界上最主要的采银中心。瓜纳华托海拔2000米，是从最初的四个银矿中心发展起来的。瓜纳托是世界上第一个银矿中心，富有的银矿主将这里的教堂点缀得华丽绚烂。
直到19世纪末，瓜纳托一直由于银矿业而繁荣昌盛，瓜纳托这座小小的银矿城镇有许多历史悠久的建筑，其中大部分是宗教建筑，如巴洛克风格的圣母玛利亚教堂，其年代久远可追溯到17世纪末和圣弗朗西斯科大教堂，或者彻利该拉风格的8世纪的戈恩帕拉教堂。圆石子铺就的街道和淡色街灯点缀着两旁的被粉刷得色彩亮丽的房屋。

入选时间：1988年
地理位置：N21 01 01 W101 15 20
遗产编号：482
遗产类型：文化遗产
遴选依据：
标准（i）：瓜纳华托拥有新世界中最美丽的几座巴洛克建筑。孔帕尼亚教堂（La Compania，1745-1765）以及瓦伦西亚纳教堂（La Valenciana，1765-1788）都是墨西哥西班牙巴洛克风格（Churrigueresque，或译作丘里格拉风格）建筑的杰作。在技术史领域，瓜纳华托也可以以其独特的艺术成而引以为豪，例如“地狱之口（Boca del Infierno）”，矿井的直径达12米，深度达到令人惊叹的600米。
标准（ii）：从16世纪到18世纪，墨西哥北部的大多数采矿城镇都受到瓜纳华托的影响。尽管由于工业化进程迟缓而显现地较为温和，但瓜纳华托在世界科技史上的地位仍然不容忽视。
标准（iv）：瓜纳华托是采矿业工业和经济结合建筑群的杰出典范。正如18世纪的主要水力工程都是与由河道走向和矿脉范围所决定的城市地形密不可分一样，这些巴洛克式建筑也与矿山的财富密不可分。瓦伦西亚纳教堂（La Valenciana）以及卡萨•鲁尔和瓦伦西亚纳小镇（Casa Rul y Valenciana）均由最富有的矿山资助。即使卡塔（Cata）和麦拉多（Mellado）这样的小规模城镇也在矿区或城镇附近建有值得夸耀的教堂、宫殿或房屋。
标准（vi）：瓜纳华托与经济史直接而切实地相关，特别是与18世纪的经济史。
Criterion (i). Guanajuato possesses several of the most beautiful examples of Baroque architecture in the new world. The churches of La Compania (1745-1765) and above all La Valenciana (1765-1788) are masterpieces of the Mexican Churrigueresque style. In the field of the history of technology, Guanajuato may also pride itself on unique artistic achievements such as the “Boca del Infierno”, a mineshaft 12m in diameter that plunges a breathtaking 600 meters.
Criterion (ii). The influence of Guanajuato was felt in the majority of mining towns of northern Mexico from the 16th to the 18th centuries. Though more modest due to the tardy appearance of the process of industrialization, Guanajuato’s place in world technological history is nonetheless far from negligible.
Criterion (iv). Guanajuato is an outstanding example of an architectural ensemble that incorporates the industrial and economic aspects of a mining operation. Just as the major 18th century hydraulic works are inextricably linked to an urban topography determined by the confines of the river path and mineral outcrops so the Baroque building are directly linked to the wealth of the mine. The church of La Valenciana and the Casa Rul y Valenciana were financed by the most prosperous mines. The modest operations of Cata and Mellado also boasted churches, palaces or houses located near the mines or in town.
Criterion (vi). Guanajuato is directly and tangibly associated with economic history, particularly that of 18th century.